Exfoliation of skin is the removal of the dead skin cells that lie of the outermost layer of the skin. The practice of exfoliation is often practiced as it reveals a fresh layer of skin that is softer, more radiant and glowing. Exfoliation has various benefits for skin care that can help to improve a wide range of skin concerns, including clogged pores, keratosis pilaris, ingrown hairs and oily skin.
There are two approaches of exfoliation- Physical exfoliation and chemical exfoliation.
A) PHYSICAL EXFOLIATION:
Physical exfoliants bring up our natural exfoliation rate to maintain the skin in soft, smooth and healthy condition. The process of exfoliation is very important because as we age, the natural turnover rate of cells decreases. A physical exfoliant is a product which is used by rubbing or scrubbing action. This type of exfoliation method helps to eliminate the loose dead cells from the uppermost skin layer by the rubbing action. The products in this category contain tiny particles such as sugar, salt grains, jojoba beads, walnut shell, almond, kiwi seeds, etc. The formulations ranges from gentle to rough depending upon the particles used in it
Pros: Physical exfoliants have following advantages-
Instant gratification.
Freshly exfoliated soft, smooth and supple skin which is oil free and with a matte finish.
Removal of dead cells.
Stimulates blood circulation.
Reduces puffiness.
Removes excessive oil.
Can also be used to remove dry skin on the lips.
Cons: Physical exfoliants have following disadvantages-
May cause micro-tears on sensitive and delicate skin.
May cause redness, dryness or irritation.
B) CHEMICAL EXFOLIATION:
Chemical exfoliators work by breaking the bonds between the skin cells, detaching up the dead cells so that it can be easily wiped away. The chemical exfoliants have a smooth texture unlike the gritty texture of physical exfoliation and they penetrate into deeper skin layers. The most commonly used chemical exfoliants are Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs), Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHAs) and fruit enzymes.
1. As AHAs are naturally derived from various sources such as sugar cane, grapes, citrus and milk, they help to dissolve the keratin protein bonds that hold up the dead skin cells together.
2. BHAs such as salicylic acid, are lipid soluble and they are best for oily, acne prone and sun damaged skin. BHAs penetrates in deeper skin layers to unclog pores, dirt, oil and debris. They have anti-irritant and antimicrobial properties, which assist in preventing new breakouts.
3. Enzymatic exfoliants are another form of chemical exfoliants and they are specially formulated for sensitive skin. Enzyme chemical exfoliators such as Papain (derived from papaya) and Bromelain (derived from pineapple) dissolve and digest keratin protein into smaller particles, which let out the smother skin. Enzymes are fruit-derived and lack acids or granules. These exfoliators work on the surface of the skin and slowly digest cellular buildup, making them the perfect way to introduce your skin to exfoliation.
Pros: Chemical exfoliants have following advantages:
Better suited for sensitive skin.
Natural and safe ingredients.
No risk of over scrubbing and tear off.
Penetrates into deeper skin pores for in depth exfoliate
Helps other skin care products absorb better.
Creates firm skin by boosting collagen.
Reduces hyperpigmentation and scars.
Unblocks pores and prevents acne breakout.
Cons: Chemical exfoliants have following disadvantages:
If performed incorrectly, may cause side effects such as dark spots, redness or irritation.
May cause adverse skin reactions in some individuals.
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